{"id":11557,"date":"2023-09-29T16:11:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T16:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/?p=11557"},"modified":"2023-12-06T15:37:20","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T15:37:20","slug":"can-i-enter-into-a-contract-with-haram-clauses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/articles\/can-i-enter-into-a-contract-with-haram-clauses","title":{"rendered":"Can I enter into a contract with haram clauses?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We might not realise it but pretty much every large company we have ever transacted with has a contract in place with us. The question is \u2013 are these contracts permissible to enter into?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But why would this even be a relevant concern if we know that the vast majority, if not all, our contracts have nothing to do with interest or haram items?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My Eon energy contract should prove the point: in it, it says that if I fail to pay on time then Eon has the right to charge me interest on my late payments.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My Eon contract has nothing to do with a haram transaction on the face of it, but here I am signing up to a contract that gets me to agree to pay interest.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article we break down when exactly entering contracts with haram elements is acceptable and when it is not.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With thanks to Mufti Faraz Adam and his excellent Messenger\u2019s Money Morals course for a lot of the fiqhi material we have relied upon in this article.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Not all clauses in a contract count the same in the sharia&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the famous words of Shrek, \u201can ogre is like an onion\u201d. Contracts are just the same: they have many layers. Well, 3 to be precise:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Integrals&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Terms &amp; Conditions&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Contextual Matters&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Contextual matters include things such as transacting during a forbidden period of time (e.g. Friday prayers). This is not so relevant to our discussion here.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The integrals&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The integrals of a contract <em>must<\/em> be in place in order for a contract to be valid. They include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Clear and halal Sale item\/subject matter&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Clear and unambiguous Price&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Appropriate Counterparties (e.g. have full faculties)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Offer and acceptance&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>For our purposes (examining contracts we have in place with larger corporates), the only relevant aspect that we can sometimes fall foul of when it comes to the fundamentals is the sale item itself. This must be a permissible item.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Islamic law would not see as a valid contract the sale of pork or alcohol for example.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So far so good with my Eon contract \u2013 the buying and selling of energy is perfectly permissible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terms &amp; Conditions&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The issues crop up in the terms and conditions. There are a number of types of terms we can see in a contract. Here are some key ones that help explain the analysis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Essential condition<\/strong> \u2013 this is a further deeper articulation of what is already necessary as part of the integrals of the contract e.g. the specifications of the items or the delivery mechanism. This is a valid and enforceable term.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Supporting condition<\/strong> \u2013 these are conditions which support the delivery of the integrals of the contract. For example, a guarantee given that the buyer will indeed make the payment (if the payment is deferred). This is a valid and enforceable term.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Customary condition<\/strong> \u2013 these are conditions that are commonplace in that industry\/market. For example, cooling off periods are common for online transactions (even when not enforced by law). This is a valid and enforceable term.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Unfair condition <\/strong>\u2013 this is any condition that unfairly favours one party over another. This is a voidable condition. Where, if the oppressed party decided to void the contract (or went to an Islamic court to get it done), then the contract as a whole make become unenforceable. If nothing is voided, then the contract itself still stands, but the parties entering into it would be sinful.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>Fundamentally undermining condition <\/strong>\u2013 this is a condition which would render the entire agreement null and void (as opposed to just voiding that particular condition). This is because the condition is such that it&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>My Eon contract that is asking me to make late payment fees (which is a money for more money transaction) is impermissible and would be riba. This would be an unfair condition and therefore could render the entire contract voidable under the sharia.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> <em>voidable means that the contract isn\u2019t necessarily void, but if it went to court it is voidable.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course we know that many, if not all, major corporates will have some kind of term that bakes in late payment fees.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are 3 ways we can approach this analysis:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Allow the entry of these contracts due to necessity&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Say all such contracts are \u201cfaasid\u201d or \u201cvoidable\u201d and as such people who enter into them are sinful<sup data-fn=\"f7e2c857-a9ba-42f5-ae60-36b66cdca58a\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#f7e2c857-a9ba-42f5-ae60-36b66cdca58a\" id=\"f7e2c857-a9ba-42f5-ae60-36b66cdca58a-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Allow the entry into standardised contracts with larger corporates where one cannot negotiate terms on the basis of ikrah (being forced into something against your will). This analysis is based on the contracts of <em>al-ith\u2019aan<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Under this analysis here are some conditions that would\/would not be permissible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Clause&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Analysis&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Notes&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Late payment fees in a contract between individual and utility company&nbsp;<\/td><td>Ikrah applies&nbsp;<\/td><td>There is a large negotiation imbalance here between the two sides. The individual cannot negotiate terms.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Late payment fees in contract between individual and his builder&nbsp;<\/td><td>Faasid (voidable)&nbsp;<\/td><td>The individuals are equal in this negotiation and can set bespoke terms.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interest bearing loan between two individuals&nbsp;<\/td><td>Baatil (void)&nbsp;<\/td><td>The fundamentals of this contract are haram and therefore this entire contract is void.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When is it acceptable to enter into a contract with haram ancillary conditions?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOkay, Ibrahim you\u2019re saying that if a corporate has overwhelming power and you can\u2019t really negotiate with it, that would justify an ancillary (i.e. not core) term being in a form I wouldn\u2019t necessarily be happy with. But that leaves rather a lot of grey. How do I navigate this \u2013 where is the line?\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s build things it up step by step:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, the vast majority of scholars and schools (other than the Zaahiris) are happy to say that a contract of <em>al-ith\u2019aan <\/em>with a large corporate that does not contain any problematic terms other than it doesn\u2019t really give you room to negotiate \u2013 is fine due to either necessity, being a common feature of the modern economy and way of doing things, or because you technically still do have a choice: you can accept or walk away from that contract.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, everyone agrees that if you have a contract where the integrals and the active clauses (i.e. the clauses that are activated from the very start as part of the consummation of the contract) are impermissible, then the entire contract becomes impermissible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The third layer is where there is debate: the contract where there is an ancillary term that is technically impermissible and you are unable to negotiate on that point.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some scholars take a strong view on it and say that all such contracts should be avoided<sup data-fn=\"2f96723c-90f0-4f8c-af92-2c7b4c3c5a6f\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#2f96723c-90f0-4f8c-af92-2c7b4c3c5a6f\" id=\"2f96723c-90f0-4f8c-af92-2c7b4c3c5a6f-link\">2<\/a><\/sup> whereas others are much more lenient.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their argument for, in particular, penalty clauses on late payment are:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>This is a clause that is in abeyance so not part of the active\/operative part of the contract. And if an individual knows that if he does X, the impermissible part of the contract (currently in abeyance) will kick in, then he must do all he can to avoid such an eventuality.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Given we live in the West, where interest-based late payment clauses are the established norm from HMRC, the courts, legislation and all standard contractual templates \u2013 and, crucially, these clauses are all in abeyance unless someone triggers them &#8211; such clauses could also be seen as allowed due to necessity or the ordinary conduct of the market<sup data-fn=\"1ca5ecfb-ba66-49e1-982d-0934584c6506\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#1ca5ecfb-ba66-49e1-982d-0934584c6506\" id=\"1ca5ecfb-ba66-49e1-982d-0934584c6506-link\">3<\/a><\/sup>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>It may seem odd, but \u201cthe ordinary conduct of the market\u201d and \u201cmaking ease for people\u201d are absolutely fundamental principles of the fiqh of trade and scholars throughout time have leaned on these principles to make things easier for people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed, we even have the Prophetic tradition of allowing Bai\u2019 salam, bai\u2019 istisn\u2019aa etc. even though they are technically within the category of contracts where you are buying\/selling something that doesn\u2019t exist which is otherwise forbidden.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Assuming we run with these scholars\u2019 analysis therefore, entering into any of the following contracts would become permissible:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Entering into any contract with a large service provider&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Entering into a credit card contract&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Entering into a banking contract&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buying a car on finance&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">But is this too lenient an approach? Should one only opt for strictly necessary contracts of this nature?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It may well be that you say \u201cIbrahim, okay, I buy the necessity argument, but I don\u2019t buy the \u201cpart of the everyday way of doing things\u201d argument. Therefore I will only enter such contracts where it is absolutely necessary for life.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s fair enough I guess, but it would put you in pretty severe difficulty for nearly all standardised contracts. If you\u2019re a businessman who has a credit line with a supplier \u2013 that\u2019s the end of your business. If you have paid a deposit on a holiday but not fully paid \u2013 well you can\u2019t do that now. In fact, you basically can\u2019t buy anything on a payment plan.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019re personally comfortable with the \u201cpart of the everyday way of doing things\u201d argument so would not encourage people to unnecessarily put themselves into difficulty.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final thoughts&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These are nuanced and sensitive matters but it is important to keep an eye for the ease of the people, understanding the reality of modern finance, and simultaneously understanding the way of the Islamic scholar.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"f7e2c857-a9ba-42f5-ae60-36b66cdca58a\">The idea would be that the unfair condition does not go to the heart of the contract, and as such the term itself is unfair and sinful but it does not affect the broader contract ab initio. For further analysis see this quote and the underlying reference:<br>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637] : (\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647. &#8212;&#8212;&#8211; \u0635243 &#8211; \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 <a href=\"#f7e2c857-a9ba-42f5-ae60-36b66cdca58a-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"2f96723c-90f0-4f8c-af92-2c7b4c3c5a6f\">https:\/\/www.islamweb.net\/ar\/fatwa\/460345\/ <a href=\"#2f96723c-90f0-4f8c-af92-2c7b4c3c5a6f-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"1ca5ecfb-ba66-49e1-982d-0934584c6506\">For analysis on this from a Hanafi perspective see: \u0635241 &#8211; \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. <br>See also: \u0635236 &#8211; \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 <a href=\"#1ca5ecfb-ba66-49e1-982d-0934584c6506-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 3\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We might not realise it but pretty much every large company we have ever transacted with has a contract in place with us. The question is \u2013 are these contracts permissible to enter into?&nbsp; But why would this even be a relevant concern if we know that the vast majority, if not all, our contracts [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":11560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"The idea would be that the unfair condition does not go to the heart of the contract, and as such the term itself is unfair and sinful but it does not affect the broader contract ab initio. For further analysis see this quote and the underlying reference:<br>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637] : (\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647. -------- \u0635243 - \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 - \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\",\"id\":\"f7e2c857-a9ba-42f5-ae60-36b66cdca58a\"},{\"content\":\"https:\/\/www.islamweb.net\/ar\/fatwa\/460345\/\",\"id\":\"2f96723c-90f0-4f8c-af92-2c7b4c3c5a6f\"},{\"content\":\"For analysis on this from a Hanafi perspective see: \u0635241 - \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. <br>See also: \u0635236 - \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\",\"id\":\"1ca5ecfb-ba66-49e1-982d-0934584c6506\"}]","wds_primary_category":6},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11557"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11557"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11612,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11557\/revisions\/11612"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamicfinanceguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}